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Evaluating the Financial Instability Hypothesis : A Positive and Normative Analysis of Leveraged Risk-Taking and Extrapolative Expectations

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Exchange rates (daily parities) - 2025-07-21

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Monthly Business Survey – Start of July 2025

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Bond indexes - 2025-07-21

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When does Monetary Policy Matter? Not all Policy Statements are Alike

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Monthly Business Survey

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Gold prices

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IBFI seminars Calendar 2026

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42 Results

m

Monetary aggregates

Measures of the amount of money in circulation. The Eurosystemmonitors three aggregates, from most to least liquid : M1 = coins + banknotes + overnight deposits ; M2 = M1 + deposits with an agreed maturity of up to 2 years ; M3 = M2 + repurchase agreements, shares or units in funds + debt securities with a maturity not exceeding 2 years.

p

Purchasing power

The amount of goods and services that can be purchased with income; it therefore depends on both the level of income and the level of prices.

i

Inflation expectations

Inflation rates expected by different categories of economic agents (households, business leaders, financial market participants) over different time horizons (1 year, 3 years, 5 years, 10 years, etc.).

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