Money and the financing of the economy - 2025-09
Published on the 27th of October 2025
statistics
Over one year, the growth in financing granted to the private sector is stable, above 2%.
- In September, the year-on-year growth of credit to the private sector stood at +2.4%, unchanged from the previous month, still driven by the increase in credits to NFCs (+2.6%, after 2.4%, see Table 2).
- In terms of the composition of the money supply, the annual growth rate of overnight deposits remained positive in September, even though it declined slightly (+1.5%, after 2.1% in August). The decline of deposits with agreed maturity of up to 2 years further intensified (-14.3%, compared with -10.9%, see Table 1), while the annual growth of savings accounts remained clearly positive, at +3.9% (after +4.1%).
- Taking into account monetary external liabilities vis-à-vis other monetary union members, the growth of the French component of the monetary aggregate M3 reached +1.1% in September, after +1.0% in August.
Table 1 - France : monetary resources of monetary financial institutions ![]()
| Decomposition of French component of euro-area M3 | Outstandings
(€ Bn) |
Annual growth
rate (in %) |
Flows sa
(Bn€) |
||
| Sep-25(p) | Aug-25(r) | Sep-25(p) | Aug-25(r) | Sep-25(p) | |
| Overnight deposits | 1,277 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 14.6 | -3.8 |
| = Domestic resources included in M1 | 1,277 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 14.6 | -3.8 |
| Deposits with agreed maturity of up to 2 years | 314 | -10.9 | -14.3 | -14.3 | -4.0 |
| + Saving accounts | 965 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 1.2 | 0.2 |
| = Domestic resources included in M2-M1 | 1,279 | -0.1 | -1.2 | -13.1 | -3.9 |
| MMF shares | 325 | 0.0 | 1.2 | -0.2 | 6.4 |
| + Repurchase agreements | 67 | -9.6 | 11.7 | -7.0 | 12.1 |
| + Debt securities issued with a maturity of up to 2 years | 52 | 17.6 | 8.2 | 3.3 | -2.7 |
| = Domestic resources included in M3-M2 | 444 | 0.5 | 3.4 | -3.8 | 15.8 |
| Sum of domestic resources included in M3 | 3,000 | 0.9 | 0.6 | -2.3 | 8.1 |
| + Monetary external liabilities vis-à-vis other monetary union members | 437 | 0.4 | 5.2 | -2.3 | 20.5 |
| - Monetary external assets vis-à-vis other monetary union members | 96 | -1.9 | 3.2 | 0.0 | 2.9 |
| = French component of euro area monetary aggregate M3 | 3,341 | 1.0 | 1.1 | -4.6 | 25.7 |
(p) Provisional
(r) Revised
(r) Revised
Source and production: Banque de France - Direction générale de la statistique, des études et de l'international
Table 2 - Counterparts of domestic resources included in M3 ![]()
| Outstandings
(€ Bn) |
Annual growth
rate (in %) |
Flows sa
(Bn€) |
|||
| Sep-25(p) | Aug-25(r) | Sep-25(p) | Aug-25(r) | Sep-25(p) | |
| ASSETS | 5,938 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.7 | -4.7 |
| Domestic General government financing (1) | 1,172 | -0.8 | -0.1 | -8.4 | 6.1 |
| Of which loans | 213 | 1.2 | 3.1 | -1.2 | 1.8 |
| Of which securities | 959 | -1.3 | -0.7 | -7.1 | 4.4 |
| Domestic private sector financing (d) (2) | 3,822 | 2.4 | 2.4 | -5.2 | -1.6 |
| Of which loans to households (c) | 1,739 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 1.9 |
| Of which loans to NFCs (c) | 1,390 | 2.4 | 2.6 | -1.7 | 4.4 |
| Net external assets (3) | 457 | 8.3 | 3.2 | -2.4 | -3.3 |
| Remaining counterparts (a) (4) | 487 | -7.9 | -8.3 | 16.7 | -5.9 |
| LIABILITIES | 5,938 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.7 | -4.7 |
| Long-term resources (b) (5) | 2,938 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 3.0 | -12.8 |
| Domestic resources included in M3 (1)+(2)+(3)+(4)-(5) | 3,000 | 0.9 | 0.6 | -2.3 | 8.1 |
(a) Net of inter-MFI assets and liabilities, net of other balance sheet items (financial derivatives, accounting lags, fixed assets), currency in circulation, gold, SDR.
(b) Deposits over 2 years, debt securities issued, capital and reserves, central government deposits.
(c) Loans including derecognized securitized loans
(d) In addition to credits to households and non-financial corporations, credit to the private sector also includes loans to the non-MFI financial sector as well as debt securities and shares.
(p) Provisional
(r) Revised
(b) Deposits over 2 years, debt securities issued, capital and reserves, central government deposits.
(c) Loans including derecognized securitized loans
(d) In addition to credits to households and non-financial corporations, credit to the private sector also includes loans to the non-MFI financial sector as well as debt securities and shares.
(p) Provisional
(r) Revised
Table 3 - France : M3 and the financing of the economy ![]()
September 2025 (12-month cumulative flows in €bn) |
|||
| Total assets | 64.3 | Total liabilities | 64.3 |
| Domestic General Government financing | -0.8 | Resources included in M3 | 17.3 |
| Of which loans | 6.3 | M1 | 18.8 |
| Of which securities | -7.1 | M2 - M1 | -16.2 |
| Domestic private sector financing | 90.9 | M3 - M2 | 14.7 |
| Of which loans to households | 17.8 | Long-term resources (a) | 47.0 |
| Of which loans to NFCs | 35.7 | ||
| Net external assets | 14.9 | ||
| Remaining counterparts (b) | -40.7 | ||
(a) Deposits over 2 years, debt securities issued, capital and reserves, central government deposits.
(b) Net of inter-MFI assets and liabilities, net of other balance sheet items (financial derivatives, accounting lags, fixed assets), currency in circulation, gold, SDR.
Source and production: Banque de France - Direction générale de la statistique, des études et de l'international
Contributions to the annual growth of the domestic resources included in M3![]()
Contribution of monetary counterparts to the annual growth of the domestic resources included in M3![]()
Source and production: Banque de France - Direction générale de la statistique, des études et de l'international
Additional information
Resources included in M3 (excluding banknotes and coins) consist of investments with a maturity of up to two years held by money-holding agents (households, non-financial corporations, General government excluding central government, insurance companies, pension funds, non-monetary mutual funds, investment firms and special purpose vehicles, for the most part) with monetary financial institutions (MFI).
Monetary financial institutions (MFIs) include credit institutions, finance companies, the Caisse des dépôts et consignations, money market funds and the Banque de France.
Saving accounts include Livret A and Livret Bleu passbooks, sustainable development and solidarity passbooks, home savings accounts, popular savings passbooks, youth passbooks and ordinary passbooks. Regulated savings are partly centralized in the Savings Fund managed by the Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations and thus only pass through the banks' balance sheets. Repurchase agreements are temporary purchases of securities by customers (particularly companies, insurance companies and non-money market funds). Debt securities with a maximum maturity of two years mainly comprise Negotiable EUropean Commercial Paper (NEUCP) issued by French banks and subscribed by customers that are not credit institutions or money market funds.
Funding of the economy includes all financing provided by MFIs to the domestic public and private sectors, in the form of loans and securities (debt and equity). For loans to households and nonfinancial companies (NFCs), loans transferred (securitisations) with impact on banks' balance sheets are reintegrated.
Net external assets correspond to the balance (assets minus liabilities) of MFI operations with the rest of the world.
Long-term inflows of MFIs include capital and reserves, debt securities issued by MFIs with a maturity of more than 2 years, deposits with a maturity of more than 2 years and central government deposits.
The item "Remaining counterparts" includes the balance of inter-MFI receivables and liabilities, the net of other balance sheet items (financial derivatives, accounting differences, fixed assets) and currency in circulation.
Growth rates for the outstanding amounts are calculated by adjusting changes in stocks for effects not resulting from economic transactions, in particular corrections for classification errors, but not for exchange rate effects.
The data on outstanding amounts, annual growth rates, and 12-month cumulative flows published in this Stat Info are not seasonally adjusted, but the monthly flow data are.
Monetary financial institutions (MFIs) include credit institutions, finance companies, the Caisse des dépôts et consignations, money market funds and the Banque de France.
Saving accounts include Livret A and Livret Bleu passbooks, sustainable development and solidarity passbooks, home savings accounts, popular savings passbooks, youth passbooks and ordinary passbooks. Regulated savings are partly centralized in the Savings Fund managed by the Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations and thus only pass through the banks' balance sheets. Repurchase agreements are temporary purchases of securities by customers (particularly companies, insurance companies and non-money market funds). Debt securities with a maximum maturity of two years mainly comprise Negotiable EUropean Commercial Paper (NEUCP) issued by French banks and subscribed by customers that are not credit institutions or money market funds.
Funding of the economy includes all financing provided by MFIs to the domestic public and private sectors, in the form of loans and securities (debt and equity). For loans to households and nonfinancial companies (NFCs), loans transferred (securitisations) with impact on banks' balance sheets are reintegrated.
Net external assets correspond to the balance (assets minus liabilities) of MFI operations with the rest of the world.
Long-term inflows of MFIs include capital and reserves, debt securities issued by MFIs with a maturity of more than 2 years, deposits with a maturity of more than 2 years and central government deposits.
The item "Remaining counterparts" includes the balance of inter-MFI receivables and liabilities, the net of other balance sheet items (financial derivatives, accounting differences, fixed assets) and currency in circulation.
Growth rates for the outstanding amounts are calculated by adjusting changes in stocks for effects not resulting from economic transactions, in particular corrections for classification errors, but not for exchange rate effects.
The data on outstanding amounts, annual growth rates, and 12-month cumulative flows published in this Stat Info are not seasonally adjusted, but the monthly flow data are.
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Updated on the 24th of October 2025