Increasing the attractiveness and vibrancy of European stock markets

Bulletin No. 266, article 4. For several years, US equity markets have been more vibrant than their European counterparts, as reflected by the success of the SpaceX initial public offering (IPO) in June 2026 and the expected listings of companies in the artificial intelligence sector. Yet the gap with the European Union is deeper and more structural, and can be seen in the number of IPOs, the amounts raised, the valuation of listed companies and the number of cross‑listings.