The Banque de France is an independent institution governed by French and European law, and a member of the Eurosystem, which is the federal system comprising the European Central Bank and the national central banks of the euro area.
The Banque de France contributes to the definition of euro area monetary policy and ensures its implementation in France on behalf of the Eurosystem.
Safeguarding financial stability is one of the core missions of the Banque de France. It consists in ensuring the financial system functions efficiently and is sufficiently robust to withstand shocks.
The Banque de France provides economic expertise in the form of research, forecasts and contributions to international financial bodies. Through these activities, it helps to establish a complete diagnosis of the economy, which is necessary for the conduct of monetary policy.
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The Banque de France carries out a broad range of cash-related activities: it issues banknotes, monitors recirculated banknotes and puts coins into circulation. It is also steering the modernisation of the cash cycle, in conjunction with its clients.
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Discover the volume and value of cash in circulation, the main developments and the breakdown by denomination.
Each year, the European Central Bank and 19 national central banks of the Eurosystem use statistical models to estimate how many new banknotes will be needed to replace those that become unfit.
Banknotes and euro coins in circulation are part of the monetary base. Banknotes are recorded on the liability side of the balance sheet of euro area central banks, in proportion to their...
In value terms, approximately 25% of all euro banknotes are estimated to be held outside the euro area. The euro can be used as a reserve currency (as part of a country’s foreign exchange reserves)...
Banknotes and coins are the most widely used payment instruments by transaction volume. Their function as a store of value also means they are strongly in demand for hoarding purposes.
Discover our publications: The Fiduciary Letter, Factsheet on banknotes and coins, QSA articles on cash-related issues, and information on gold.
